Adoption of AI Scoring Systems in Wushu Competitions: A Theoretical Configuration Analysis Based on the TOE Framework

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) scoring systems represents a pivotal innovation for the digital transformation of Wushu competitions. Moving beyond technical feasibility studies, this theoretical article addresses the critical organizational-level question of adoption. It employs the Technology-Organization-Environment (TOE) framework as a foundational lens to systematically analyze the complex, conjunctural causal mechanisms influencing the adoption decisions of Wushu event organizations. The article conceptualizes a set of seven key conditions within the TOE dimensions: technological complexity and compatibility; organizational readiness and top-management support; and competitive pressure, policy support, and public expectations. It posits that high adoption intention is not determined by any single factor but emerges from specific configurations of these conditions. The analysis proposes three distinct, equifinal theoretical pathways to adoption: the Technology-Leading path, the Competition-Driven path, and the Environment-Pulled path. Conversely, it identifies the combination of high technological complexity and a lack of top-management support as a core theoretical barrier. This configurational perspective challenges linear adoption models and provides a nuanced theoretical foundation for developing differentiated strategies to facilitate the modernization of Wushu, balancing technological advancement with the sport’s unique cultural essence.