Adoption of AI Scoring Systems in Wushu Competitions: A Theoretical Configuration Analysis Based on the TOE Framework

Abstract

The integration of Artificial Intelligence (AI) scoring systems represents a pivotal innovation for the digital transformation of Wushu competitions. Moving beyond technical feasibility studies, this theoretical article addresses the critical organizational-level question of adoption. It employs the Technology-Organization-En - vironment (TOE) framework as a foundational lens to systematically analyze the complex, conjunctural causal mechanisms influencing the adoption decisions of Wushu event organizations. The article conceptualizes a set of seven key conditions within the TOE dimensions: technological complexity and compatibility; organization- al readiness and top-management support; and competitive pressure, policy support, and public expectations. It posits that high adoption intention is not determined by any single factor but emerges from specific config - urations of these conditions. The analysis proposes three distinct, equifinal theoretical pathways to adoption: the Technology-Leading path, the Competition-Driven path, and the Environment-Pulled path. Conversely, it identifies the combination of high technological complexity and a lack of top-management support as a core theoretical barrier. This configurational perspective challenges linear adoption models and provides a nu - anced theoretical foundation for developing differentiated strategies to facilitate the modernization of Wushu, balancing technological advancement with the sport’ s unique cultural essence.